Cooling An Overheated Attic
Adequate attic insulation is only one aspect of keeping your house cool and reducing your air-conditioning costs. By “insulation,” most folks mean thermal insulation that blocks heat conduction.
There are three modes of heat transfer—conduction, convection, and radiation. Conduction refers to heat flow typically through solid materials. This is how the handle of a metal skillet gets hot on the stove. Convection is similar to conduction, but occurs in fluids and gases. This is why you feel colder in the wind than in still air.
Regular thermal insulation in your home’s walls and ceiling, which you refer to, blocks conduction and convection heat losses. Most recommended insulation charts, which mention R-values, refer to thermal insulation.
The right roof color
The third mode of heat flow, radiation, is how the sun heats the Earth, or the warmth you feel in front of an open fireplace. Unfortunately, standard thermal insulation is not very effective for blocking this type of heat flow. On a hot summer afternoon, a roof, especially a dark asphalt shingle one, gets extremely hot. This heat then radiates downward through the attic floor insulation and into your house.
You can tell if the ceiling is hotter than the walls just by putting the back of your hand against it in the afternoon. If it really feels much warmer, this may be one reason for high electric bills.
Even with your air conditioner running and air in the room reasonably cool, you may still feel uncomfortable under a warm ceiling. This heat often causes you to set the air-conditioner thermostat even lower, which further increases your electric bills.
If your house will need a new roof soon, replace it with light-colored—preferably white—shingles to reduce the roof temperature. Metal roofs, particularly aluminum ones with heat-reflective (not visibly reflective) paint, stay even cooler and minimize heat transfer down to the ceiling below.
Other than replacing the roof, adding more insulation and adequate attic ventilation can help significantly.
EFFICIENCY TIP
Vents + insulation = cooler ceilings
Putting in extra insulation will cool ceilings that meet attic space because it blocks heat transfer. Attic vents, continuous ridge or inlet soffit, also provide a good solution. These vents allow cool air to move low over the insulation, become less dense as it warms up, and then flow out the ridge vent.
Your attic and roof will still be hot, but extra insulation and ventilation will help cool the living space underneath your attic.
